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The Dionysia () was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and, from 487 BC, comedies. It was the second-most important festival after the Panathenaia. The Dionysia actually consisted of two related festivals, the Rural Dionysia and the City Dionysia, which took place in different parts of the year. They were also an essential part of the Dionysian Mysteries. ==Rural Dionysia== The Dionysia was originally a rural festival in Eleutherae, Attica (' – Διονύσια τὰ κατ' ἀγρούς), probably celebrating the cultivation of vines. It was probably a very ancient festival, perhaps not originally associated with Dionysus. This "rural Dionysia" was held during the winter, in the month of Poseideon (the month straddling the winter solstice, i.e., Dec.-Jan.). The central event was the ''pompe'' (πομπή), the procession, in which ''phalloi'' (φαλλοί) were carried by ''phallophoroi'' (φαλλοφόροι). Also participating in the ''pompe'' were ''kanephoroi'' (κανηφόροι – young girls carrying baskets), ''obeliaphoroi'' (ὀβελιαφόροι – who carried long loaves of bread), ''skaphephoroi'' (σκαφηφόροι – who carried other offerings), ''hydriaphoroi'' (ὑδριαφόροι – who carried jars of water), and ''askophoroi'' (ἀσκοφόροι – who carried jars of wine). After the ''pompe'' procession was completed, there were contests of dancing and singing, and choruses (led by a ''choregos'') would perform dithyrambs. Some festivals may have included dramatic performances, possibly of the tragedies and comedies that had been produced at the City Dionysia the previous year. This was more common in the larger towns, such as Piraeus and Eleusis. Because the various towns in Attica held their festivals on different days, it was possible for spectators to visit more than one festival per season. It was also an opportunity for Athenian citizens to travel outside the city if they did not have the opportunity to do so during the rest of the year. This also allowed travelling companies of actors to perform in more than one town during the period of the festival. The comic playwright Aristophanes parodied the Rural Dionysia in his play ''The Acharnians''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dionysia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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